Cloud Teachers College and graduated in 1950. He was born June 7, 1964, in Battle Creek, Michigan. Jennifer Turnbull. Every night the actors got two ovations from the enthusiastic packed house, The Edmonton Journal of Canada recalled in 2005 when The Beard was being revived there, one when the play ended and one when they were escorted out the door and into the paddy wagon to be booked.. With Manzarek he released a live album of performance pieces, Love Lion, in 1993. Funeral arrangement under the care ofStuart Funeral Homes. Seizing, too, on Jackson Pollocks desire to let a works life come through in the act of making, McClure set about translating his swinging loops of paint into the spiritual autobiography and gesture of poetry. He went to Southside High School. For some people, the best send-off is one that they would have loved to attendthemselves: a big party. Hans Joachim Werner Raffel McClure received his heavenly wings on December 25, 2020 after a long hard fight with illness. Hans did not wish to be remembered with a public ceremony, instead he wanted to be remembered as he was in life, his big heart, joyous laughter and his great love of life. Robert John McClure, known by everyone as RJ, passed away September 24, 2020. Terms of Service apply. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google That night at the Six Gallery greatly inspired us to go ahead.. From the troubles of the past, present, and future To plant trees in memory, please visit the. Service map data OpenStreetMap contributors. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The importance of saying "I love you" during COVID-19, Effective ways of dealing with the grieving process, Solutions to show your sympathy safely during the Covid-19 pandemic. If youre in charge of handling the affairs for a recently deceased loved one, this guide offers a helpful checklist. Alyce was a member of Bethany Lutheran Church in Luverne. This memorial website was created in memory of L McClure, 76, born on November 24, 1898 and passed away on February 0, 1975. Mr. McClure lived near the Six Gallery. He dedicated his life to his greatest passion protecting the children of Texas by working for the State of Texas Child Protection Agency for 44 years. A Warner Bros. He is survived by Amy and by a daughter, Jane, from his first marriage, which ended in divorce, and two grandchildren. He wasnt arrested when it was performed as the writer, he was constitutionally protected but actors in several productions were, on charges including public lewdness. Judy (Rangiora) March 4, 2020 I was so saddened to hear the passing of Phylis. Mr. McClure, whose circle of friends and acquaintances included Beat figures and many others in the San Francisco counterculture, makes a brief appearance in The Last Waltz, Martin Scorseses 1978 documentary about the final concert of the Band. They're not a map to follow, but simply a description of what people commonly feel. She passed away at Porter Adventist hospital due to a myocardial infarction. She taught Sunday school for 25 years. He was 42 years old. She was baptized in 1931 in Fortuna and received her confirmation in 1944 at Indherred Lutheran Church in Starbuck, Minnesota. We will remember him forever. Drew was a 1983 graduate of Athens High School, in Athens, Michigan. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. He is also survived by his sister by marriage Rachel Diane Cochran and numerous nieces and nephews. Gathering of the Tribes for a Human Be-In, McClures faith in the imaginative act to renew mans meat-spirit, Oh Lord, Wont You Buy Me a Mercedes-Benz. Families can raise charitable donations in memory of their loved one with payments made directly to the charities. . Away Hans was born on July 28, 1953 in Schussenried, Kurnbach, Germany to Lieselotte Raffel. Funeral services, with social distancing, will be held 10:30 a.m. Monday, June 15, at the First Presbyterian Church in Dallas Center, of which he was a member since 1941 and choir member since 1942. Login or Sign-up to show all important data, death records and obituaries absolutely for free! March 6, 2020 To: The McClure Family sorry to hear the news of such a lovely woman A loved Aunt Who Will Never Be Forgotten. Robert was born September 1, 1964. There is no photo or video of Glen Richard McClure.Be the first to share a memory to pay tribute. Service map data OpenStreetMap contributors. Listen Photos Add a photo Light a candle He was always loyal to his customers and friends. His body was sent to Virginia Department of Forensic Science in Roanoke for an autopsy, Washington County Sheriff Blake Andis told CNN. We had so many good laughs and cries together. We knew we could bring it back to life We wanted voice and we wanted vision.. The couple made their home in Luverne, Minnesota where they raised their three children. Share Your Memories and Sympathies and Join the Bereaved! Wake with refreshments will be held from 6:00-8:00 pm Friday, March 3rd, 2023 at Lighthouse Funeral Home. The poet Michael McClure, left, with Bob Dylan and Allen Ginsberg in San Francisco in 1965. Allen said, Do you want me to put together the reading? Mr. McClure recalled in a 2015 interview with The San Francisco Chronicle, and I said, Absolutely, man, that would be good.. Hans was born on July 28, 1953 in Schussenried, Kurnbach, Germany to Lieselotte Raffel. Imagine Norman Mailer mated with Gertrude Stein and you have the picture.. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Over coffee with Mr. Ginsberg, whom he had met at a party, he lamented that he didnt have time because he and his first wife were expecting a child. Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application. Robert (Rab) Millar. ALYCE MILDRED MCCLURE was born on March 30, 1931 to Ferdinand and Mabel (Hagen) Arneson in Fortuna, North Dakota. We became close friends. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. The former, which orbited a seduction scene in hell between Billy the Kid Bonney and Jean Harlow, attracted the charge of lewd and dissolute conduct in a public place after its opening performances by the San Francisco Actors Workshop in 1965, before moving to Los Angeles, where the police arrested the entire cast every night during its two-week run. Funeral service will be held at 12:00 pm Saturday, March 4th, 2023, at Lighthouse Funeral Home. Mr. McClure and his first wife, Joanna, married in 1954; the marriage ended in divorce. the Carefree, Paradise Valley, Scottsdale area of the Valley of the Sun. Actors were sometimes arrested, along with the occasional director or producer. This memorial website was created in memory of John McClure, 81, born on June 15, 1886 and passed away on May 0, 1968. Love Always your friend None of us wanted to go back to the gray, chill, militaristic silence, to the intellective void to the land without poetry to the spiritual drabness.. A home cut out of the woods just north of Athens, a son, Eric, a daughter, Audry, and a beloved family dog, came from Drew and JoLynns 32 years of blissful love and marriage. What the Six Gallery really did was show us that there was an audience out there that really wanted to hear poetry off the page, he told The Washington Post in 2017. Multiple photos can be added at point of booking and directly on the notice once it has been published for free. He was also friends with Jim Morrison, that bands lead singer, although when they first met they did not instantly bond. To an audience of perhaps 150 people (the number varies in the tellings), Mr. McClure read a poem called For the Death of 100 Whales, said to have been inspired by a report that bored American soldiers stationed in Iceland had amused themselves by shooting a pod of whales. McClure was father to seven children, all of them girls, NASCAR.com reports. Here are the tributes to Caroline I. McClure. A well-heeled theatrical angel would post bail, and the ritual would be repeated the next night. God Bless Naomi and give her strength and happiness. Mr. McClures many poetry collections include Dark Brown (1961), Star (1970) and Rain Mirror (1999). So young and so full of life. 2. MN 56156. I inspired him to publish his poetry books., Michael McClure, Present at Beat Poetrys Birth, Dies at 87, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/books/michael-mcclure-dead.html. Dan McClure, 71, of Athens, Georgia, went to be with his Creator on July 24, 2020 after some extensive health conditions. Find local and national death notices, funeral notices, obituaries, in memoriams, and acknowledgements at funeral-notices.co.uk, plus a directory of over 3,000 UK Funeral Directors McClure's. There was nothing more fulfilling to both he and JoLynn, than to take a Sunday stroll across the yard to enjoy the fruits of their weekends hard work. While in California, McClure got to know the experimental film-maker Stan Brakhage and the actor Dennis Hopper. With the help of her friend Bob Neuwirth, she gave it her own tongue-in-cheek spin, called it Mercedes Benz and recorded it a cappella on her album Pearl, which was released posthumously in 1971. Authorize the publication of the original written obituary with the accompanying photo. In 1966 he was filmed reading from the work to the lions at San Francisco Zoo, the poet handsome and fearless a defining moment in 20th-century poetry, according to Jerome Rothenberg. Michael McClure was one of the six poets who took part in the reading on 7 October 1955 at the Six Gallery in San Francisco that announced the arrival of the Beat generation. Standard text messaging rates apply. MARSHALL MCCLURE OBITUARY KINGS MOUNTAIN - Marshall Franklin McClure, 86, of Gastonia, passed away June 22, 2020. She is gone away Michael McClure at his home in Oakland, California, 2010. Obituary Harold E. "Mouse" McClure, 91, died Thursday, June 11, 2020, at home. He was born June 7, 1964, in Battle Creek, Michigan. I will never forget her and hope we can all pay our respects together soon. The origin story of the famed reading varies depending on the teller, but Mr. McClure said he had initially been asked to organize the event. On a lighter note, a fragment of a ditty that Mr. McClure would sing in gatherings with friends, improvising new lyrics each time, found its way to Janis Joplin. In the 21st century, it's not just urns and gravestones anymore. May God keep you and comfort you during this difficult time. Athens Drew Alan McClure, age 56, passed away Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. In lieu of flowers memorial donations in Glen's name may be made to your local St. Vincent's DePaul. He had long hair, and I had long hair. With the speed of light, thoughts of the wonderful woman she will always bring immeasurable feelings descending upon us MT 59860. Caroline I. McClure Obituary It is with deep sorrow that we announce the death of Caroline I. McClure (Federal Way, Washington), who passed away on April 1, 2020, at the age of 59, leaving to mourn family and friends. Services will be live-streamed on the Iles website. 209 Elm Street, Search by name or location to find online obituaries. Michael McClure, who at 22 helped usher in the Beat movement as part of a famed poetry reading at the Six Gallery in San Francisco, then went on to a long and varied career as a poet, playwright, novelist and lyricist, died on Monday at his home in Oakland, Calif. Emergency. He was preceded in death by his parents and grandparents William and Etta Hadley of Valiant, Oklahoma and Otto and Gerturde Gase Raffel of Germany. Send simple, comforting meals with Home Chef. Richard C Stuart Funeral Home 392 E Philadelphia St, Armagh, PA 15920. McClure joined the faculty of the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland in 1961, the year that he attended the UN Environmental Conference in Stockholm, along with the poet Gary Snyder, the visionary technologist Stewart Brand and the naturalist Sterling Bunnell. The Washington County, Virginia, Sheriff's Department confirmed McClure's death to CNN. Roberts education included attending Ronan High School and graduating in 1983. Make sure relatives of Caroline I. McClure know they have sympathy messages here. Robert was born September 1, 1964. Mr. McClure in 1972. Copyright 2023 Echovita Inc. All rights reserved. He also volunteered his time at the veterans and disabled facilities. He attended Chapel Grove Baptist Church and enjoyed gardening, canning, and working on cars. My thoughts and prayers are with you, your mom, Tommy, Angie and all your family. Published by Gaston Gazette on Jun. For Mr. McClure, the event was also a proving ground for a concept. I am sorry to learn of the death of NASCAR driver Eric McClure, tweeted Virginia Republican Rep. Morgan Griffith. Immediately following Interment at Gaston Memorial Park, the family will be greeting friends and family.In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.Condolence messages may be sent online at www.mcleanfuneral.com.McLean Funeral Directors of Gastonia is serving the McClure family. In loving memory of Caroline I. Smith-McClure, The country had the feeling of martial law We saw that the art of poetry was essentially dead killed by war, by academies, by neglect, by lack of love, and by disinterest. BARBARA MCCLURE OBITUARY McClure, Barbara Barbara Kay McClure, age 78, of Grand Rapids, MI passed away peacefully on Wednesday, June 17, 2020 at Sunrise Senior Living. The importance of saying "I love you" during COVID-19, Effective ways of dealing with the grieving process, Solutions to show your sympathy safely during the Covid-19 pandemic. She is flying My dear friend Caroline is no longer in pain and is finally at peace. Login or Sign-up to show all important data, death records and obituaries absolutely for free! Funeral: 21 Jul 2020, Edinburgh. Throughout this era McClure straddled the Haight-Ashbury scene, pulling energies exuberantly towards him and revelling in Dionysian conflict. She lived on a farm outside of Glenwood, Minnesota from 1937 to 1952, graduating from Glenwood High School in 1949. He was born in Muncie, Indiana, on Wednesday, October 31, 1984, the son of Michael L. and Helen T. (Eddleman) McClure. McClure competed in three races in the top tier Cup Series in his career. Hans was so proud when he received his US Citizenship on March 29, 1976. Also by his two grandchildren Bailey Brooke McQuilliams and Camdon Alvin McClure McQuilliams, they brought him so much joy and laughter. We will remember him forever. His first book, Passage (1956), testified to his belief that the Beats comprised the literary wing of the green movement. 25, 2020. David Kessler's top 4 tips for dealing with holiday grief. Legendary commentator John Motson has sadly passed away aged 77. were overshadowed by the sixth man on the bill, Allen Ginsberg. She was preceded in death by her husband, Melford. If anyone wishes to honor his life please do so by making a donation to the Wood County Child Welfare Board to help serve and protect the children he spent his life trying to protect from abuse and neglect. She was President of the Luverne Seniors and honored with the Rock County Outstanding Female Senior Citizen Award. Would you like to offer Glen Richard McClures loved ones a condolence message? DONALD MCCLURE OBITUARY Donald E. McClure, 80, of Winfield Township passed away Nov. 29, 2020, in his home. Alvin, In loving memory of Caroline I. McClure, Published Mr. McClures play The Beard, first performed in 1965 in San Francisco, caused censorship uproars there and in other cities where it was staged over the next decade. Marshall was a faithful husband to his wife Doris, or as he affectionately referred to her, "Gem." Describing the ethos of that night, a watershed in American culture at which Allen Ginsberg first presented Howl, McClure, who has died aged 87, wrote: We were locked in the cold war and the Asian debacle. No cause of death has been provided, and McClure was active on social media as recently as Saturday. Graveside service will be held at 2:00 pm Sunday, March 5th at . Our thoughts and prayers are with you during this most difficult time. McClure told the newspaper after a series of serious health scares, he had been diagnosed with a severe musculoskeletal disorder. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much Terms of Service apply. Carol was born to Dorothy Carolyn Waul McClure and Charles Grover McClure on June 14, 1954 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Passed away peacefully at his home in North Bernard's family are sad to announce that he passed away on 7th February 2023 A visitor made a Donation on the Death Notice of, A visitor lit a candle on the Death Notice of, A visitor lit a candle on the Lasting Tribute of, A visitor left a Tribute on the Death Notice of, Most popular notice home pages and groups, This site is brought to you by Reach PLC who are a supplier member to. Discovery Company. He was predeceased by : his parents, Richard K. McClure and Theresa J. McClure (Henderson); and his sisters, Melenna Garland and Janeen Bouch. In the mid-1990s, somewhat incongruously, Mercedes-Benz used it in a commercial. In all of our memories no one had been so outspoken in poetry before, he wrote. He then attended Salish Kootenai College from 1985 to 1987 and got an AA Degree in business. To send flowers to the family in memory of Robert John McClure, please visit our. Alyce especially enjoyed making greeting cards and spent many hours each month helping other senior citizens make cards. We'll help you find the right words to comfort your family member or loved one during this difficult time. Alyce never officially retired as she made herself available as a volunteer when help was needed. But now anyone with deep human or humane feelings is something like an outlaw. McClure nonetheless maintained an unswerving commitment to the discovery of the materiality of consciousness, whether in the sound of a car starting, the tension of a shoulder muscle, or the floating of an owl feather in the breeze, through many collections of verse, essays and recordings. The next decade saw McClure in part catalyse the transition from Beat to hippy, frequently writing under the influence of psychotropics and performing Blakean melodies on his autoharp, most notably at the Gathering of the Tribes for a Human Be-In at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco in 1967, the apex of the counterculture movement. He was born to parents, Betty L. McClure and Ronald M. McClure, on. After undergoing dialysis and multiple surgeries to save his limbs, McClure began to show signs of improvement, according to the Herald Courier, though he said he still experienced some numbness in his extremities. You can send your sympathy in the guestbook provided and share it with the family. October 9, 2020 She was baptized in 1931 in Fortuna and received her confirmation in 1944 at Indherred Lutheran Church in Starbuck, Minnesota. We are saddened to learn of the passing of former driver and owner Eric McClure. Copyright 2023 Echovita Inc. All rights reserved. The Washington County, Virginia, Sheriffs Department confirmed McClures death to CNN. Poetry is a muscular principle and a revolution for the body-spirit and intellect and ear, he proclaimed on the cover of his 1964 collection, Ghost Tantras. 101 6th Ave E, Memorials are preferred to Generations (formerly Luverne Senior Citizens). They headed for San Francisco and married in 1954. May she Rest In Heaven., Sending my deepest condolesence in this difficult time for Caroline was loved my many and she will be truly missed., Naomi and Hiroko - we are saddened to hear of Carolines passing. Leave a sympathy message to the family in the guestbook on this memorial page of Glen Richard McClure to show support. Service map data OpenStreetMap contributors. Echovita Inc is a registered trademark. Mr. McClure was one of the poetry readers at the Six Gallery, a former auto repair shop that had been turned into an art gallery, on Oct. 7, 1955, a date that Beatdom magazine, marking the 60th anniversary of the event, called arguably one of the most important dates in American literature.. His wife, Amy Evans McClure, said the cause was complications of a stroke he had last year. Would you like to offer Caroline I. McClures loved ones a condolence message? She offered her help with many organizations around Rock County including Second Harvest, RSVP and as a Respite Care Volunteer, Sanford Clinic, and pouring coffee at the Minnesota Veterans Home. Funeral: 29 Sep 2020, Edinburgh. appreciated. ORLEDGE John MBE 14/03/1928 - 02/02/2023 It is with great sadness that we announce that our father (Wilkins) The death has occurred of Christine (Chris) Clarkson: Douglas (Collins) Made in Dublin, schooled in Dundee but a proud Brummie to (Poogla) Sad to announce the passing of our brother Paul who after a long and (Crystall) Mother of Adam and Toby, both pre-deceased. #TimMcclure #TimMcclureDeath #CelebritiesCauseOfDeathTim Mcclure Obituary {Dec 2020} Cause of Death, ReasonTim Mcclure Obituary-How about getting all the det. Information and advice to help you cope with the death of someone important to you. And in the teeth of the times we were outlaws. A unique and lasting tribute for a loved one. The Beard, a play that imagines an encounter between the Hollywood sex symbol Jean Harlow and the outlaw Billy the Kid, had Mr. McClure in the news a lot. Alyce taught at the Kenneth Country School along with three other schools in Rock County, and served as a substitute teacher in Luverne and Rock County. Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application. It's surprising how much a musical selection can affect mourning. He was 87. Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text. Born in Marysville, Kansas, Michael was the son of Marion (nee Dixie Johnston) and Thomas McClure. CNN Former stock car driver Eric McClure has died at age 42, NASCAR announced on Sunday. With the encouragement of his second wife, the sculptor Amy Evans, whom he married in 1997, McClure became progressively concerned with recording of Zen Buddhist states of being in his poetry, words moving as breath and gliding spaciously down a page. (67 years old). 720 N. Kniss Ave., What kind of arrangement is appropriate, where should you send it, and when should you send an alternative? You can send your sympathy in the guestbook provided and share it with the family. Performing his poem For the Death of a Hundred Whales, which commemorated an act of slaughter by bored GIs stationed at an Icelandic Nato base, McClure declared his dominant concern with the animal consciousness in man rendered dormant by industrialisation. Initially he intended to study painting with Clyfford Still and Mark Rothko at the Art Institute, only to discover that they had decamped the previous year. Obituary Edward (Ed) McClure passed away on Saturday, September 12th, in a place he would have found familiar . Polson, He had hoped to study at the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute), but when that didnt work out he enrolled at San Francisco State University, studying under the poet Robert Duncan and earning a bachelors degree. Luverne, Drew was preceded in death by his father and mother, Raymond and Sharon McClure, and his sister, Denise McClure. The charges didnt stick. All Rights Reserved. He then attended Salish Kootenai College from 1985 to 1987 and got an AA Degree in business. CNNs Artemis Moshtaghian contributed to this report. Luverne, He is survived by : his wife Mary McClure; his children, Glen McClure (Marsha), Scott McClure (Heather), Clifford Frampton (Elaine) and Lorelle Hansen (Aaron); his grandsons, Zachary (Riley McClure), Ethan McClure, Austin Frampton and Caleb (Joslyn Hansen); and his sister Cynthia Forsythe (Ron). My condolences to his loved ones.. Melvin was born November 6, 1938, in Olton, Texas, to Howard and Dellie McClure. My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends.. The best poems for funerals, memorial services., and cards. Share Your Memories and Sympathies and Join the Bereaved! McClure raced in NASCAR for 14 years between 2003 and 2016, primarily in NASCARs second tier Xfinity Series. Clive Barnes of The New York Times, reviewing a 1967 production in Manhattan, did not find the play obscene but did find it tedious. He was born December 15, 1932 at Newark, Arkansas, the son of Melvin and Edith Pearl (Donaho) McClure. On September 9, 2020, Alyce died peacefully while at Bethany on the Lake in Alexandria, Minnesota at the age of 89 years, 5 months, and 9 days. Privacy Policy and He started college there as well before switching to the University of Arizona, but an interest in art took him to San Francisco in 1954. He married his high school sweetheart, JoLynn Conant, in April 1988. Echovita offers a solidarity program that gives back the funds generated to families. Standard text messaging rates apply. Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application. He had leather pants, and I had leather pants. Mr. She is gone but she will never be forgotten. KINGS MOUNTAIN - Marshall Franklin McClure, 86, of Gastonia, passed away June 22, 2020. He had a long and varied career as a poet, playwright, novelist and lyricist. Terms of Service apply. Hans Joachim Werner Raffel McClure received his heavenly wings on December 25, 2020 after a long hard fight with illness. Carol Ann Helen McClure, Beloved Shawl Woman, "Swarm Queen," walked on last Saturday, September 12, 2020, at the age of 66. He took part in the storied San Francisco reading where Allen Ginsberg unveiled a version of Howl. He went on to have his own moments of fame and notoriety. 10:26 PM EDT, Sun May 2, 2021. The author turns his phrases around and around, he wrote, like animals wearily pacing up and down a sweating cage. Please consider a donation as requested by the family. Dec 1982 - Jul 2020. Alyce is survived by her three children, Linda McClure (Peter Olsen) of Vining, Minnesota, Joyce McClure of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and Julie (Todd) McChesney of Elk River, Minnesota; two grandchildren, Shelby and Madison McChesney; and five siblings, Gladys Bohn of Santa Barbara, California, David (Jan) Arneson of Glenwood, Minnesota, Edward (Pat) Arneson of Alexandria, Minnesota, Esther Arneson of Wheatridge, Colorado, and Leonard Arneson of Moorhead, Minnesota. Echovita Inc is a registered trademark. June 22, 2022 Ottie McCrady, 86, of Parkersburg, passed away June 18, 2022, at his residence under the loving care of his family and Amedisys Hospice. Actors in several productions were arrested on charges including public lewdness. JESUS HOW I HATE THE MIDDLE COURSE! he roared in the poem Love Lion (1970). We will remember him forever. Born on October. Accordingly he rode with the San Francisco chapter of the Hells Angels, fascinated by notions of charismatic allegiance and destructive power, and collaborated with its secretary, Freewheelin Frank, on his autobiography. Hans is also survived by Jorge Sewell who he considered his adopted son. Hans is survived by his two greatest pride and joys, son Shawn Christopher McClure and daughter Amber McClure McQuilliams with her husband Cameron McQuilliams. The song, a wry commentary on materialism less than two minutes long, became one of Ms. Joplins most recognizable tunes. Write your message of sympathy today. Write your message of sympathy today. Sending love, the ones who loved her Ed was the first son born to Delyte (McClelland) McClure and Royden Eugene Walker. MN 56156. Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application. Eric McClure, pictured here at Chicagoland Speedway on June 20, 2015, in Joliet, Illinois. Arrangements for Caroline I. McClure are currently pending. Drew enjoyed the simple things in life, from hunting in their woods to perfecting their home and property. Privacy Policy and