However, bananas are grown commercially in a number of subtropical areas such as Australia, Morocco, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, the Canary Islands, and south Florida. Bunches are generally harvested when the fingers are plump but before they begin to turn yellow. These bananas are edible and easy to grow. Florida is technically part of the sub-tropics. Types of Chili Peppers You Can Grow at Home. Ripe bananas are sweet and delicious to eat out of hand, while plantains have a high starch content and are less sweet. The tree will send out a Flag Leaf, a very short leaf, from the top center of the pseudostem as the bloom stalk emerges. However, you'll also see many imported palms growing in different areas of Florida. The largest leaves are cut off, leaving only the youngest or none at all. Addition and mixing with the native soil of completely composted organic matter or a sand-peat moss mixture may be desirable. Symptoms of continuously wet but not flooded soil conditions include plant stunting, leaf yellowing, and reduced yields. There is never any additional cost to you. Also known as the Lantundan bananas, Pisang Raja, or Tundan, this cultivar is the most common banana that you can find in Southeast Asia and the Philippines. Crate & Basket is owned and operated by Crate & Basket, a California limited liability company. In addition to sprouting large, beautiful leaves, these trees will produce large bunches of tasty bananas. The leaves are usually green but may be red when they are young and some types have striped leaves too. Plantains are hybrid bananas that are thicker skinned, higher in starch, not very sweet and always cooked before eating. Twelve species of palm trees are native to Florida. The banana borer lays eggs at the base of the pseudostem and the larvae bore into the pseudostems and rhizome causing extensive damage. As the disease progresses infected areas coalesce forming large areas of dead leaf tissue. 'FHIA-02' (also called 'Mona Lisa') is resistant to Sigatoka and Panama disease. Apply 2 to 6 inches of mulch from the base of the pseudostems outward. Goldfinger bananas are a special variety of banana that was developed in Honduras. They come in different colors, sizes, and firmness but are recognized by their curved, elongated shape, starchy flesh, and rind. Yellow sigatoka is caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella musicola and black sigatoka by M. fijiensis. Bananas may also be cooked and consumed when still green or when very ripe as is done with plantains. It is only recommended for home landscape planting in Panama disease-free sites with disease-free planting material. In general, those with a high proportion of M. acuminata produce sweet fruit, whereas those with a high proportion of M. balbisiana produce starchy fruit. Crate & Basket is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Nematodes: The Bane of the Florida Vegetable Gardener. Visit the EDIS website athttps://edis.ifas.ufl.edufor the currently supported version of this publication. Using a high-phosphorous fertilizer like an 8-10-8 is ideal. New growth comes from the center of the top of the plant. In Florida, Rajapuri bananas are considered one of the best varieties for landscape gardening. Plant growth slows below 60F (16C) and stops at 50F (10C). The banana plant is a gigantic herb that springs from an underground stem, or rhizome, to form a false trunk 3-6 metres (10-20 feet) high.This trunk is composed of the basal portions of leaf sheaths and is crowned with a rosette of 10 to 20 oblong to elliptic leaves that sometimes attain a length of 3-3.5 metres (10-11.5 feet) and a breadth of 65 cm (26 inches). Revised January 1998, December 2005, October 2008, and November 2016. They shouldnt be grown in an open space or under constant exposure to full sun. It is important that the internal bud is killed, otherwise regrowth occurs very quickly and it takes an unnecessary amount of labor to keep suckers from growing. Banana cultivars vary greatly in plant and fruit size, plant morphology, fruit quality, and disease and insect resistance. $ 12.99 sales tax Add to cart. Here at crate and basket, I hope to share my tips, tricks and ideas for everything from gardening, organization, mom stuff, life on the farm, DIY and home decor. However, new growth usually sprouts from the underground rhizome with the return of warm weather. Arctic-Images via Getty Images 1 Tropical banana trees 1.1 Muse paradisiaca 1.2 Acuminate muse 1.2.1 Musa acuminata 'red dacca' 1.2.2 Musa acuminata 'cavendish' 1.3 balbisian muse 1.4 Muse ingens 2 Cold resistant banana trees 2.1 Musa balbisiana 'atia black' 2.2 muse basjoo 2.3 Musa sikkimensis 2.4 Muse velutina 2.5 Musa nagensium 2.6 Muse 'Helen's hybrid' Tropical banana trees Posted: June 3, 2020. Bananas have been grown in scattered locations throughout Florida since their introduction during the 16th century. Black Sigatoka may or may not be a major problem for most banana varieties in the home landscape in Florida. They generally measure between 6 and 10 inches in length. Types of Fertilizers for Banana Tree. The Dwarf Red Dacca is a type of banana tree that is native to India. Before the banana tree fruits, prune it so there is only one main stem. Consider green plantains like potatoes, ready to be boiled, steamed, roasted or fried and turned into tostones. Popular cultivars for eating include 'Lady Finger', 'Apple', and 'Ice Cream'. Salinity: Banana plants do not grow or fruit well in saline soils. New plants grow from the base and a single tree will soon become a clump. In general, select a part of the landscape away from other trees, buildings and structures, and power lines. The Complete Book of Bananas, by W. O. Lessard has very good care instructions and scouting directions for diseases from a Banana farmer with many decades of experience with over 50 varieties. ), UF/IFAS Electronic Data Information System, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Regardless, several types of bananas can be grown in Florida, but the Dwarf Cavendish, or Musa Acuminata, is the most reliable type for homeowners to cultivate due to its disease resistance and cold-weather tolerance. The time from planting rhizomes to first harvest usually takes longer to produce fruit and the first bunch is, as a rule, smaller than normal. These plants can be recognized by their red to pink flowers and bright yellow-orange fruits that can be seen from afar. In addition, trees may be used as sun-screens to shade southeastern or western walls. Cutting unwanted suckers or peepers off at ground level and then gouging out as much as possible of what remains with a metal digging bar or piece of rebar will kill the underground bud. They are a hybrid product from a cross between these three cultivars; Musa acuminata x balnisiana, Prata-ana, and the SH-3142. One of those plants would be bananas. Commercial growers propagate bananas by tissue culture, the process of cloning tissues of quality plants in a lab. Japanese fiber bananas are grown as ornamental plants in many countries including Japan, the United Kingdom, southern Canada, and the United States. There are four known races of the disease, three of which attack one or more banana cultivars (race 1, 2, and 4). There are hundreds of varieties of Bananas, Musa spp, available for the Florida home gardener. If temperatures drop below freezing, all of these plants will turn brown. These popular, cool-tolerant plants produce blue/green fruit with pure white, sweet, creamy flesh that tastes like vanilla ice cream. Dig a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times a deep as the container the banana plant has come in. However, banana plants do tolerate light shade. Bananas are monocarpic they flower once, then die. As tropical plants, bananas prefer full sun, but you can grow them in places up to 50 percent shade, notes University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. The entire plant is called a mat. Caution, do not apply systemic herbicides to the trunk area of banana plants as this may cause them to decline or die. While some people refer to banana plants as trees, they're actually just large, herbaceous plants. The use of lawn sprinkler systems on a timer may result in over watering and cause banana plants to decline. Top varieties include 'Blue', 'Foothill', 'Sonoran', and 'Mexican'. Its height varies from 10 to 20 feet tall, with the leaves growing to be as large as nine feet long and two feet wide. Suckers should have many healthy roots, without symptoms, such as nodulations and internal lesions, of nematode or borer damage. Removing the male bud at the end of the flowering stalk which has no fruit and hangs below the last hand of bananas will speed fruit development if done immediately after the female flowers have set fruit. tree varieties that will thrive in their landscapes giving any area a tropical effect. The fruit has a wealthier proportion of starch and less sugar than other banana types. This keeps the mulch nearby in case of another cold event. The one we are most familiar with from childhood is the typical grocery store variety, Cavendish. Roots of mature banana plants (mats) spread 6 to 10 ft beyond the mat and use of some feed and weed materials of the lawn adjacent to a mat is not recommended and may reduce fruiting and or fruit quality. The most cold-hardy option is the Japanese fiber banana (Musa basjoo), which can survive in areas that receive sub-zero temperatures. Black sigatoka and yellow sigatoka are of worldwide importance; in general, where the two diseases are found, Black sigatoka dominates as the most severe disease causing fungus. In areas where the water table is high and/or frequent soil saturation or very brief flooding occurs, planting on beds is recommended. Plants grown in the sun will have a shorter, tighter form and the leaves will be more yellowish green. Like most bananas, Lady Finger bananas thrive in moist, well-drained soil and under full sun. Susceptibility to frost keeps the banana from spreading beyond the tropics and the warm subtropics. Fertilizer Maintain the soil quality by fertilizing every two months with a 6-2-12 fertilizer. Bananas require large amounts of water and are very sensitive to drought. There are lots of different varieties of banana. Banana yields vary considerably depending on many factors, but bunches weighing 25 to 40 lbs per pseudostem may be expected. The other species of edible banana that is usually grown is Musa x paradisiaca. Parents of the cultivated types are Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, two wild species which are usually seedy. The cultivar 'Dwarf Cavendish' (Musa acuminata) is widely available and can be grown throughout Florida. Injured plants are susceptible to invasion by pathogens and toppling. And of course, bananas can also be grown for their tasty fruits. 'Gros Michel' (AAA) does not produce well in Florida. In plantains, the male flowers may be absent or greatly reduced. Banana plants may also be used in the home landscape for ornamental purposes. One disadvantage to the 'Dwarf Cavendish' is its susceptibility to Black Sigatoka disease. The banana stalk contains an abundance of water and minerals, when the juice is squeezed out it is used in many cultures for numerous uses including cleansing the bowels. Remove suckers to allow the main stems the energy to produce. Lastly, avoid planting bananas on hills or valleys to avoid the extreme wind or cold temperatures, especially in the rainy season. Remove the rest of the stem in a few . The banana is not a tree, but an herb, with a trunk-like pseudostem, made of tightly overlapping leaves. Also known as Chinese bananas, fig bananas, sugar bananas, and date bananas, these herbaceous perennials are actually a dwarf version of the Cavendish cultivar. Maintain a grass-free area 2 to 5 ft or more away from the pseudostem. This document is HS10 (originally published as FC-10), one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. New growth usually emerges from the underground rhizome when warmer temperatures return. Its widely available year-round, is reasonably priced and makes a nutritious snack. Black Sigatoka is more of a problem in large commercial plantings than for isolated clumps of bananas in the home landscape. In fact, placing topsoil or compost in the hole first and then planting on top of it is not desirable. Temperature: Bananas flourish under uniformly warm to hot conditions. This is where I organize my thoughts and Im happy if it helps someone else along the way! Banana leaves emerge from a corm - a swollen, underground stem - in a tightly-rolled form. Fruit Crops (MG, North and Central Florida ed. Symptoms of drought stress include folding of the leaves, pale green to yellow leaf color development, and premature leaf death. Plantains are cooked before use and may be baked, fried, or grilled. During our Florida winters we can get some cold weather, the bananas #1 enemy aside from Panama disease. In Hawaii, banana leaves line underground pits to cook pigs. Banana trees reproduce by putting out sprouts around the main plant called pups, these become new trees. Don Chafin recommends these varieties for flavor and ease in growing. As they ripen and turn yellow or black (maduros), they get sweeter, and can be baked, sauteed and grilled. Water suckerssmall pseudostems (1248 inches tall) with broad leaves. Selected banana cultivars that may be available in south Florida. It is a dessert-type banana with a pleasant, sub-acid flavor when fully ripe and is common in the Caribbean. Bananas do best when they are planted in moist and fertile soil in a spot that is protected from wind and in direct sunlight. This Musa is very sensitive to high night time temperatures making it very difficult to grow here in Florida. Nino (or baby) bananas are short and stubby, about three inches long, and have thin green skins that turn bright yellow, with some black spots, when fully ripe. Apart from that bananas thrive well with an adequate feed of nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, continuously windy weather may cause severe leaf shredding (mild shredding may be beneficial), drying of the leaves, and plant crown distortion. For more information, please contact your local UF/IFAS Extension agent. Banana shrub is known scientifically as Michelia figo and is a member of the magnolia family. This may weaken the plant dramatically and reduce or eliminate fruit production. Florida is home to many species of trees, including native trees that consist of oak, cypress, maple, basswood, ash, and mahogany trees. Rhizome (corm): A rhizome is an underground stem with numerous meristems (growing points) from which the pseudostems, flowering and fruiting stalks, and fibrous roots arise. Remove a 3 to 10 ft (0.93.1 m) diameter ring of grass sod. One of these benefits is bananas. Crate & Basket also participates in affiliate programs with Awin, Clickbank, CJ, ShareASale, and other sites. Reproductions are Prohibited. The fruit can be eaten fresh or cooked and makes excellent fried green and smashed bananas. Bananas are extremely susceptible to damage by flooding, continuously wet soils, and soil with inadequate drainage. The ones in the supermarket are usually just one or two different kinds. They look great paired with gingers or other tropical ornamentals. Wind: Wind is a common constraint in subtropical production areas. Immediately water the soil around the plant and plant roots. Some interesting varieties if youd like to become a banana collector are: The University of Florida has a wonderful EDIS publication #HS10: Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape which is FULL of research-based information and charts of varieties and their growth range, care, propagation, harvesting, when to fertilize and planting how-to. The oldest and tallest one should be flowering and/or fruiting. The flowering stalk contains the fruit, technically a berry. The most common propagation material is suckers, or pieces of the rhizome. These plants may lose their leaves during cold winters, but will usually put out new growth in the spring. Since an adequate soil moisture is essential for good production, particularly during the dry months of the year, provision should be made for irrigation. These first 3 photos should end the debate about the Namwa & Ice Cream being the same banana. A key feature is the bananas rhizomatous root system, which puts up new stalks each year. Florida is considered a climatically marginal area for commercial banana production due to our subtropical climate and occasional freezes. There are many cultivars named 'Ladys Finger.' Cavendish Bananas These bananas are the most common variety, easily available in supermarkets in the United States. Originating from the first banana tree that grew in a hothouse in the northern United Kingdom in the 1800s, the Dwarf Cavendish banana is one of the varieties that you can find in Florida. Shoot growth is best between 78F to 82F (2628C) and fruit growth at 84F to 86F (2930C). And although not technically bananas, Abyssinian banana (Ensete ventricosum), musella, and ensete all look like bananas and can take the cold. It has poor cold tolerance and is susceptible to Panama disease and Sigatoka. Black Sigatoka is one of two dangerous diseases striking fear into banana growers around the world. These plants produce round-tipped, yellow fruits with thin skin that breaks when they mature. They are also resistant to major banana diseases such as Panama and Sigatoka diseases. Young plants should be fertilized with one-half pound of 6-2-12 fertilizer every two months, and increasing gradually to five pounds at flowering and fruiting time. Thai black banana plants generally grow between 7 and 10 feet tall but can grow up to 20 feet tall. Reviewed December 2019. Limited commercial production has occurred since the late 1800s. The leaves of the Dwarf Red Dacca are large and have a dark green color. 'FHIA-01' (also called 'Goldfinger') is an excellent dessert banana with resistance to Panama disease and Yellow and Black Sigatoka. The fruits are slightly acidic with an apple-like taste. In addition, competition among pseudostems prolongs the time to flowering and to harvest. Having a beautiful, organized home is something I constantly strive to achieve. Pink velvet bananas generally grow between 5 and 8 feet tall, with foliage branching between 3 and 5 feet. To improve plant survival consider planting fruit trees on a 2 to 3 ft (0.60.9 m) high by 4 to 10 ft (1.23.1 m) diameter mound of native soil. Bananas are tolerant of a wide soil pH range and there are Bananas for EVERY size garden. Bananas are commercially propagated from meristems by tissue culture. There are banana varieties which grow no bigger than 2 feet and some which are over 30 feet tall. There are two species of banana, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana, and most banana cultivars are hybrids of these . Sigatoka does not kill the plant but causes premature defoliation which results in reduced crop yield. They're slightly sweet and have a creamy texture. However, this was not the first commercial banana variety in the United States. Pruning the banana mat is necessary for best vegetative growth and fruit production. It is not recommended for planting in the home landscape. Hey there! However, because of its susceptibility to wind damage and Panama disease, it should only be planted in wind protected areas and land not previously infested with this disease. Symptoms of the disease do not appear on young suckers. 'Hua moa' requires intensive care and is recommended only for planting with disease-free material in warm, protected sites free of Panama disease. All the above-ground parts of a banana plant grow from a structure usually called a "corm".Plants are normally tall and fairly sturdy with a treelike appearance, but what appears to be a trunk is actually a "false stem" or pseudostem.Bananas grow in a wide variety of soils, as long as the soil is at least 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) deep . A banana pseudostem (stalk) produces fruit only once. New growth usually emerges from the underground rhizome when warmer temperatures return. Planting and Care Banana shrub will grow in either sun or light shade. As the disease progresses the dark areas with yellow haloes surrounding dead leaf tissue coalesce until the entire leaf is killed. Plantains are always cooked before consumption and are higher in starch than bananas. Sigatoka (Yellow Sigatoka and Black Sigatoka). Lady Finger Banana (Musa acuminata Lady Finger), https://ediblesouthflorida.ediblecommunities.com/eat/know-your-bananas, https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/edibles/fruits/bananas.html, https://discover.pbcgov.org/coextension/ArticleArchives/GrowingBananas.pdf, https://askthegreengenie.com/tropical-fruits/yes-we-have-no-banana-tree-plants/, https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/8/0/8036, https://www.agristarts.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.plantDetail/plant_ID/72/index.htm, https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/6/6/6668, https://floridahillnursery.com/plants/banana-plants-for-sale/banana-plant-mona-lisa-musa-banana-tree/, https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/Lady_Finger_Bananas_14422.php, https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/Rajapuri_Bananas_11286.php, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_basjoo, https://www.quintadosouriques.com/store/seeds/fruits/musa-bananas/honey-banana-banana-silvestre-from-papua-new/, https://plantcaretoday.com/pink-banana.html, https://www.agristarts.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.plantDetail/plant_ID/84/index.htm, 15 Types of Radishes to Grow in Your Garden, 9 Perennial Groundcover Plants to Spruce Up Your Garden. Rajapuri bananas can be recognized by their small- to medium-sized fruits that measure between 5 and 6 inches. Original publication date October 1971. In general, banana plants should be planted in full sun for best growth and fruit production. Sand pine bark is a grayish-brown color near the base, becoming redder nearer the crown. They were named after a French clergyman, Claude Letondal, who brought them to India. In areas with sandy soil follow the recommendations from the section on planting in sandy soil. . You can grow these bananas indoors, in large pots, or in your garden. Also known as the Musa Thai Black or black-stemmed bananas, this variety can be recognized by their large but narrow leaves and glossy green pseudostem or trunk that would turn brownish-black or dark purplish when mature. 1 Trees for Florida Landscapes 1.1 Bald Cypress 1.2 Banana 1.3 Black Olive 1.4 Buttonbush 1.5 Citrus 1.6 Crabapple 1.7 Crape Myrtle 1.8 Dogwood 1.9 Ficus 1.10 Fig 1.11 Gumbo Limbo 1.12 Hornbeam 1.13 Hydrangea 1.14 Jackfruit 1.15 Japanese Fern Tree 1.16 Live Oak 1.17 Loblolly Bay 1.18 Lombardy Poplar 1.19 Loquat 1.20 Magnolia 1.21 Mahogany Both are a good source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), vitamin B6 and potassium. Young plants may be killed by extensive tunneling and mature plants may weaken and topple with a subsequent reduction in yield. The time from shooting to fruit harvest depends upon temperature, cultivar, soil moisture, and cultural practices and ranges from 80 to 180 days. In general, bananas for fresh consumption in the home landscape may be picked when they have reached or nearly reached the normal size for a particular variety. This variety is easy to grow, and it doesnt need too much attention. The amount of fertilizer depends on size and age of the stalk and on the number of stalks per clump (Table 4). 1. While these leaves lead to the appearance of a trunk, this structure is actually called a pseudostem. But not all are edible. It was brought to South Florida in the early 20th century. Relatives of banana within the Order Zingiberales: Numerous ornamental plants including traveler's palm, bird-of-paradise, heliconia, and ginger. As long as they receive enough nutrients, water, and sunlight, this variety can be grown both indoors and outdoors. Add spices if desired and some jam for sweetener. Photos viewed on this web-site were taken at our business location or have authorization to use. They generally grow between 10 and 13 feet tall and have large, green leaves that can grow up to 8 feet long. Banana cultivars differ in their susceptibility to sigatoka with the Cavendish group (AAA) and 'Pome' (AAB) bananas being highly susceptible. The blossom is made into a salad in Asia and can be cooked as a vegetable, as can the corms (if you have an abundance). However, small scale commercial production does occur in southern Florida and producers supply local and regional markets. Will Butternut Squash Ripen off the Vine. After the cold event, remove the cage and spread the leaves around the banana trunks. Banana plants are related to Bird of Paradise plants, gingers, Heliconia, and Canna lilies. They produce inedible yellow-green fruits that measure between 2 and 4 inches long. Many areas in Florida have sandy soil. DEP plays several roles in protecting the trees that characterize our state and provide environmental benefits. They are a good source of calcium, potassium, vitamin E, and carotenoids. There are two types of guava fruits, pink/red and white guava. Dwarf Cavendish banana trees are named for their 8 to 10-foot height. And finally, there should be one or two young plants that are six inches to three feet tall. For best production, there must be ample space between plants to avoid crowding and competition for water, light and nutrients. Nino Bananas. In the Caribbean, they make a breakfast porridge out of unripe bananas by grinding them, skins and all, in a blender. The banana flower shows up in Asian dishes, chopped and cooked in curries and added fresh to salads. In more subtropical areas like Florida, full or near-full sun is recommended for best production. With their bright yellow fruits, this variety produces sweet fruits that dont oxidize quickly when the skins are cut. Many areas in Miami-Dade County have a very shallow soil and several inches below the soil surface is a hard calcareous bedrock. All rights reserved. This is especially important during prolonged dry weather conditions. To overwinter your hardy banana, prior to the first frost, cut back stems and leaves, leaving 8-10 inches (20.5-25.5 cm.) Relatives of banana within the Order Zingiberales: Numerous ornamental plants including traveler's tree, bird-of-paradise, heliconia, and ginger. At most, they can grow up to 14 feet tall. Most Banana Trees reach 6 to 8 feet in height, but some can grow to 15 feet tall. We grow the plants ourselves and oversee every aspect of the growing and plant selection. How To Grow a Dwarf Cavendish Banana Tree. In a tropical climate, you can grow plants that love the hot weather and the exposure to full sun. She's been a Master Gardener and a home educator. Im Margaret. In some cases, Lady Finger banana plants can grow up to 23 feet tall, provided that they receive ample nutrients, water, and sunlight. The tree has bright red fruits that are oval in shape. The leaves and stem on a healthy ice cream banana tree are lime green, and the blossoms that the banana grows out of are red. Grows in zones 8-11. You then add water and boil the pulp. Honey bananas thrive in a partial shade. Cultural calendar for banana production in the home landscape. 3.Banana Dwarf Red Dacca Tree. The Graham mango tree is a medium-sized tree that grows up to 6 meters high. Shop Online from our wide selection of Musa Banana Tree Plants, Plantain Plants and many more tropical and subtropical plants and fruit trees. Hanging the fruit in a shady, cool place to ripen seems to allow development of better flavor than if allowed to ripen on the plant. Otherwise planting should be delayed until the onset of the rains in June. Consider the banana. On the bloom stalk, the bananas will form from the female flowers, which are usually the first to emerge, and have the ovary or small banana attached. Bananas are a good source of nutrients, especially potassium (Table 5). Florida's Iconic Trees. Banana trees generally take two to five years to fruit. On mature plants symptoms include progressive yellowing and eventual death from older to younger leaves, so that only the youngest emerging leaf may remain; brown and black discoloration and slimy appearance of the water conducting vascular system (it may give off a bad odor as well); and death of the plant. Standing in rows, vigorous banana plants tower over a mixture of kalo (taro), 'awa (kava), and wauke (paper mulberry). The Mona Lisa banana, or FHIA-2, is a hybrid cultivar known for its high resistance to pests and major banana diseases. Conventionally, the relative contribution of M. acuminata and M. balbisiana to the cultivar is indicated with As and Bs, respectively. Jonathan H. Crane, professor and tropical fruit crops specialist, UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center; and Carlos F. Balerdi, professor and multi-county tropical fruit crops Extension agent (retired), UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
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