The movie garnered seven Academy Awards, including that for best picture, as well as three Golden Globe Awards and four BAFTA awards. At all. For the novel, see, American theatrical release poster, "Style A", A transcript of the interview and the documentary as a whole can be found in the new edition of John Coast's book, Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, 11th greatest British film of the 20th century, the highest-grossing film of 1957 in the United States and Canada, Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium, Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures, Best Sound Track Album, Dramatic Picture Score or Original Cast, AFI's 100 Years 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition), "Complete National Film Registry Listing", "New to the National Film Registry (December 1997) - Library of Congress Information Bulletin", "Columbia Earns as It Holds Coin Due Bill Holden on 10% of 'Kwai', "Flashback: A look back at this day in film history (, "Sri Lanka to rebuild bridge from River Kwai movie", "Film locations for David Lean's The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957), in Sri Lanka", "How Father Brown Led Sir Alec Guinness to the Church", "sic - correct spelling is Siegertsz. Supplying it by ship was the only practical solution. [49] Mike Kaplan, reviewing for Variety, described it as "a gripping drama, expertly put together and handled with skill in all departments. The bridge, several museums, and cemeteries have respectfully preserved the history and memorialized the dead. Burma-Siam Railway labourers and prisoners of war slept in rudimentary bamboo huts on filthy floors. Guinness had appeared in Lean's Dickens films but had since made a name for himself doing goofy comedies like The Lavender Hill Mob (1951). Ironically, Allied bombing raids of the region between March and June 1943 contributed to casualties sustained around Thanbyuzayat. Please note the delivery estimate is greater than 10 business days. This was an entertaining story. Lean liked that draft even less. Rather than start building at two ends and meet in the middle, as per normal railway construction, the Japanese created hundreds of camps across its lengths. During WW II, Japan constructed the meter-gauge railway line from Ban Pong, Thailand to Thanbyuzayat, Burma. The Bridge on the River Kwai, British-American war film, released in 1957 and directed by David Lean, that was both a critical and popular success and became an enduring classic. The key sites containing Thailand and Burma war graves related to Death Railway and the Bridge on the River Kwai are: Kanchanaburi War Cemetery is located a short distance from the former Kanburi POW camp. The Bridge on the River Kwai: Directed by David Lean. Kanchanaburi, in Myanmar border, is home to the famous Bridge River Kwai. Spiegel finally sent Michael Wilson to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), where Lean was in pre-production, and the two worked together to hammer out the final version. The Bridge Over the River Kwai won seven Academy Awards (including Best Picture) in 1958. The majority of its smaller components are originals, while a few are post-war replacements. Cast the Expert: Percy Herbert, who played the role of a prisoner of war in the film, actually spent four . A Cholera epidemic swept through Nieke Camp between May-June 1943. Saito is expected to commit ritual suicide if he fails to meet the rapidly approaching deadline. Log in. While the British prisoners celebrate their accomplishment that night, the commandoes wire the bridge with explosives to be detonated by a plunger operated by a hidden soldier, timed to collapse the bridge just as an inaugural train carrying Japanese dignitaries is crossing it. Over a muddy jungle river called Kwai, a Japanese colonel, Saito (Sessue Hayakawa), must complete a railroad bridge vital to Japan's war effort. Lean shouted at them, 'For God's sake, whistle a march to keep time to.' Some of the characters in the film use the names of real people who were involved in the Burma Railway. The screenplay was instead credited to the novelist, Boullewhich was quite a feat, since he didnt speak or read English. Although the Death Railway has never again reached the Myanmar border, a shorter stretch was reopened by Thailand's railway authorities between 1949 and 1958, and trains on this modern-day line cross the infamous Bridge on the River Kwai. [26], A memorable feature of the film is the tune that is whistled by the POWsthe first strain of the "Colonel Bogey March"when they enter the camp. This film is taken from a popular novel written by Pierre Boulle in 1952. The two did not collaborate on the script; Wilson took over after Lean was dissatisfied with Foreman's work. It was the highest-grossing film of 1957 and scooped up seven Academy Awards, including Best Film, Best Director, and Best Actor. Updates? The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 World War II POW film directed by David Lean, about the construction of the bridges over the River Kwai, although it's heavily fictionalised.It's based on the French novel The Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle, of Planet of the Apes fame; Boulle, who could neither read nor write English, was also credited for the screenplay adaptation due to . Vital equipment that would normally have been shipped through the canal had to be flown out to the location instead. The destruction of the bridge as depicted in the film is also entirely fictional. Omissions? [39], The major railway bridge described in the novel and film did not actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai. The year: 1943. In January 1943, a base hospital was organised to care for sick and injured prisoners and labourers. In the movie the bridge is destroyed by commandos. [21] Guinness later reflected on the scene, calling it the "finest piece of work" he had ever done. [55] Slant stated that "the 1957 epic subtly develops its themes about the irrationality of honor and the hypocrisy of Britain's class system without ever compromising its thrilling war narrative", and in comparing to other films of the time said that Bridge on the River Kwai "carefully builds its psychological tension until it erupts in a blinding flash of sulfur and flame. Servicemen who survived the death marches, appalling working conditions, and savage treatment by their guards thought the film nor book reflected the realities of their experience. The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) is an epic World War II adventure/action, anti-war drama. Like Chungkai and Kanchanaburi, Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery was originally part of the camp set up serving the Burma-Siams construction. A photo of Kitulgala, Sri Lanka in 2004, where the bridge was made for the film. The movie was mainly filmed in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and also in England. Carl Foreman was the initial screenwriter, but Lean replaced him with Michael Wilson. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Since it first graced the silver screen won the admiration of audiences everywhere and continues to do so. International shipment of items may be subject to customs processing and additional charges. 15. [40] Boulle had never been to the bridge. Best time to visit Bridge Over The River Kwai (preferred time): 09:00 am - 01:00 pm. Its telling that the railway workers had to see to their own medical care. Lean feared Guinness' public persona had changed so much that audiences wouldn't buy him in this very dramatic role, but came around to the idea when the Laughton plan didn't work. The march was written in 1914 by Kenneth J. Alford, a pseudonym of British Bandmaster Frederick J. Ricketts. The River Kwai, also known as Khwae Noi or Khwae Sai Yok is a river located in the western region of Thailand. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A train carrying important dignitaries and soldiers is scheduled to be the first to cross the bridge the following day, and Warden wants to destroy both. Although unconvinced of its merits, Lean agreed to include Shears affair with a British nurse. But the unusual move paid off for ABCthe telecast drew huge ratings with a record audience of 72 million[60] and a Nielsen rating of 38.3 and an audience share of 61%. As shown in the movie, Guinness played the scene without flinching. Read our FAQs or send a question to our customer service team. This records the names of 11 Indian army men buried in Muslim cemeteries throughout Thailand whose graves could not be maintained. This is now known as the Death Railway. At the end of the day, the officers are imprisoned, and Nicholson is thrown into the ovena small box made of corrugated metal. That evening, the officers are placed in a punishment hut, while Nicholson is beaten and locked in an iron box. Imperial Japanese Army Command deemed this unacceptable. Along with 1,250 other POWs, he died while in transit from Singapore to Japan aboard the Rakuyo Maro transport ship after it was torpedoed by a US submarine. The Bridge on the River Kwai is a classic 1957 British-American war film based upon the 1952 novel Le Pont de la Rivire Kwai by Pierre Boulle. The Bridge On The River Kwai is the World War II Oscar winner about an Army colonel (Alec Guinness) obsessed with proving British superiority over his Japanese captors by showing that his . For the scene when Colonel Nicholson emerges from the oven after several days confined there, Alec Guinness based his faltering walk on that of his son Matthew Guinness when he was recovering from polio. But whats the real story? It was filmed in Kitulgala which is 60 . Answer (1 of 7): David Lean made some excellent films His Dickens films of the 1940's are classic black and white versions of OLIVER TWIST and GREAT EXPECTATIONS He discovered color and the wide screen in the 1950's and 1960's Besides BRIDGE, Lean also did LAWRENCE OF ARABIA and DR ZHIVAGO Peo. The movie is based on the novel "Le Pont de la Riviere Kwai" by Pierre Boulle. [31][32] Some consider the film to be an insulting parody of Toosey. Walk over the steel bridge at the River Kwai, one of the most famous rivers in the world, which gained international fame in the book and film, "Bridge on the River Kwai". Take a look below for 28 more fun and interesting facts about The Bridge on the River Kwai. She retired Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Bus Bangkok - Kanchanaburi $ 7.19 3h 30m. Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson have written the screenplay for this film. [40], The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success. One of the biggest causes of ire was the treatment of Toosey. The rest were made of wood and local materials. In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British film of the 20th Century. US Navy Commander Shears tells of the horrific conditions. "[53], Among retrospective reviews, Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars, noting that it is one of the few war movies that "focuses not on larger rights and wrongs but on individuals", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view. Around the time that he was offered the movie, David Lean had little money, as he was in the middle of a financially ruinous divorce, and was very much in need of a new project. The film won seven Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor (Guinness), not to mention a handful of Golden Globes, BAFTAs, and even a Grammy nomination for its soundtrack. [56] Warren Buffett said it was his favorite movie. 27. The bridges were quickly repaired with the use of POW labour from the camp at Tha . The Bridge on the River Kwai. The film won seven Academy Awards (including Best Picture) at the 30th Academy Awards. Boulle nonetheless enjoyed the film version though he disagreed with its climax. Begun in October 1942, using prisoner of war (POW) labour, it was completed and operational by early February 1943. Warden tells the Siamese women that he had to prevent anyone from falling into enemy hands, and leaves with them. David Lean was completely at home in the hot and humid Ceylon jungle. What's happening in this "The Bridge on the River Kwai" movie clip?Warden (Jack Hawkins from Land of the Pharaohs and Ben-Hur) fires a mortar, wounding Nicho. He was contracted for $150,000 to be paid in installments. Questions or feedback on our new site? Boulle based his novel, published in 1952, on his own experiences as a prisoner of the Japanese during World War II, and on an infamous construction project that he wasn't involved with. The casualties of the Burma-Siam railway were often buried in camp burial grounds located close to where they originally fell. Aerial reconnaissance photo of the Steel Bridge taken during a bombing raid. "[57], Some Japanese viewers have disliked the film's depiction of the Japanese characters and the historical background presented as being inaccurate, particularly in the interactions between Saito and Nicholson. Kwai's composer, Malcolm Arnold, wove the march into his Oscar-winning score so seamlessly that modern viewers may assume it was original to the film. Lean wanted to use the tune in Kwai, figured those lyrics wouldn't pass the censors (or the approval of the composer's widow), and opted to have the troops whistle it instead. The classic story of English POWs in Burma forced to build a bridge to aid the war effort of their Japanese captors. The Burma-Siam Railway was 250 miles of railway constructed by Allied prisoners of war alongside forced Asian labourers. Part of this project was building bridges over Thailand's Kwai Yai, at a place named Tamarkan, which is near a town named Kanchanaburi. as for the bridge on the River Kwai, it crossed the river only in the imagination of its author. The movie was filmed in Ceylon, which is now Sri Lanka. In fact, two bridges were built: a temporary wooden bridge and a permanent steel/concrete bridge a few months later. But poor old Goebbels Both bridges stood for two years and were destroyed by bombers in 1945. FIFTY years ago waves of Liberator bombers were deliberately destroying a remarkable feat of engineering. Full scale plan drawing for the main cantilever bridge design. Tracy had read the book and told Spiegel emphatically that the part must be played by an Englishman. The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as "Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."[37]. ABC, sponsored by Ford, paid a record $1.8 million for the television rights for two screenings in the United States. In the setting of World War II, a defeated unit British Soldiers is marched into a Japanese prison camp in western Thailand, with the purpose of constructing a bridge over the River Kwai to carry a new railway line to invade Burma. By daybreak, however, the river level has dropped, exposing the wire connecting the explosives to the detonator. It is close to, but not over the country's border with Myanmar. After a few days, the British medical officer Major Clipton (James Donald) tries to persuade both Saito and Nicholson to compromise, but both are unyielding. He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the "worst job I ever had in my life" from the point of view of time. The Bridge on the River Kwai, commonly referred to as the Railroad of Death or Death Railway, which stands in Kanchanaburi, Thailand, was one of only eight steel bridges of the estimated 688 that were built. As the train approaches, Nicholson frantically pulls up the wire, following it to find the detonator. There's a stench of death about you. By Barry Fox. Colonel Nicholson, arrive at a Japanese prison camp in Thailand. Thanbyuzayat is in Myanmar. Nicholson will not cooperate and finally insists that the bridge can be built only under his command. A small tourist train offers rides across the bridges span, while pedestrians can also travel over it on foot. The movie was mainly filmed in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and also in England. A make-up man was also badly injured in the same accident. Civilian workmen suffered terribly too, with their casualties far outstripping the military personnel. Just a stone's throw from the Menin Gate, visit our Information Centre to learn more about the CWGC. Though he'd already earned five Oscar nominations (three for directing, two for adapting the Dickens novels) and would soon be widely celebrated for Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia (1962), and Doctor Zhivago (1965), at this stage, Lean was in trouble. He was listed as missing in action in June 1943. Nicholson desperately tries to keep Joyce from depressing the plunger, while Shears and Warden try to kill Nicholson. Mitch Miller had a hit with a recording of both marches. In 1985, the Academy officially recognized Foreman and Wilson as the screenwriters and posthumously awarded the Oscar to them. This way, he remained oblivious to the real nature of his characters fate. Ian Watts, longtime professor of English at Stanford and author of the landmark The Rise of the Novel, had actually been a prisoner in the camp and helped with the construction of the bridge. For one sunset scene, David Lean specifically traveled 150 miles to capture it. The movie garnered seven Academy Awards, including that for best picture, as well as three Golden Globe Awards and four BAFTA awards. The filming of the bridge explosion was to be done on 10 March 1957, in the presence of S.W.R.D. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Over 65,000 Allied P.O.W.s battled torture, starvation, and disease to hack the 255-mile railway out of harsh jungle for the Japanese. [3] Since it was not a documentary, there are many historical inaccuracies in the film, as noted by eyewitnesses to the building of the real Burma Railway by historians.[30][31][32][33]. In fact, the cemetery is the original burial ground started by the prisoners themselves. train on the bridge over the river kwai in kanchanaburi, thailan - bridge over the river kwai stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images FLOATING HOUSES ON THE RIVER KWAI, KANCHANABURI, THAILAND. The Bridge on the River Kwai is a work of fiction, but borrows the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942 to 1943 for its historical setting. Some of the Second World War's fiercest battles involved bridges and inspired some riveting accounts - capture of key bridges (Cornelius Ryan's "The Longest Day"; Stephen. 15- "All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.". [13], Many directors were considered for the project, among them John Ford, William Wyler, Howard Hawks, Fred Zinnemann, and Orson Welles (who was also offered a starring role). Witnessing the carnage, Clipton shakes his head and mutters, "Madness! David Lean's 1957 epic Bridge on the River Kwai is regarded as one of the all-time great war films. It was set up at the beginning of the Burma-Siams construction. Surviving veterans consider Toosey one of the finest officers they ever served under. He knew that the railway ran parallel to the Kwae for many miles, and he therefore assumed that it was the Kwae which it crossed just north of Kanchanaburi. The commandoes arrive for their mission as the finishing touches are being put on the bridge. The Bridge on the River Kwai poses complex interpretive issues about the vagaries of war and military behavior as conveyed by the Japanese soldiers, Commander Saito, Lt. Col. Nicholson, and the British captives. The movie has been included on the American Film Institutes list of best American films ever made. Harry Cohn, the vulgar (but successful) man who ran Columbia Pictures at the time, was furious when he read the script and saw no . One of the iconic war films of its time, the Bridge on the River Kwai has shone a spotlight on POWs suffering. [65], On 2 November 2010 Columbia Pictures released a newly restored The Bridge on the River Kwai for the first time on Blu-ray. Joyce, manning the detonator, breaks cover and stabs Saito to death. Two bridges were built; one was made of wood, one was made of concrete and steel. On another occasion, they argued over the scene where Nicholson reflects on his career in the army. Commonwealth war graves commission Caring for the fallen, Commonwealth war graves foundation Our charity site. English / Japanese / Thai. The negative itself manifested many of the kinds of issues one would expect from a film of this vintage: torn frames, embedded emulsion dirt, scratches through every reel, colour fading. Corrections? Showing the impact of disease on the workforce, Kanchanaburi contains two graves holding the ashes of 300 Cholera victims. The Suez Canal crisis of 1956 badly affected production. "[47] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 87 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". 5. 21. Japanese guards were known for their cruelty and would frequently torture and assault their prisoners. [22], Lean nearly drowned when he was swept away by the river current during a break from filming.[23]. [19], Guinness later said that he subconsciously based his walk while emerging from "the Oven" on that of his eleven-year-old son Matthew,[20] who was recovering from polio at the time, a disease that left him temporarily paralyzed from the waist down. The Japanese did indeed force British, Dutch, Australian, and American prisoners to build the Burma Railway, resulting in some 13,000 POW deaths and at least 80,000 civilian deaths. Allied soldiers had built a church and a hospital on the site where the cemetery now sits. THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI takes place in Japan-occupied Siam (later Thailand) in 1943, after the Imperial Japanese Empire has conquered vast territories of Asia. The Bridge On The River Kwai Film Facts. According to one biographer, he was "broke and needed work; he had even pawned his gold cigarette case." He didn't like the next draft of the screenplay, either, because it made Nicholson "a blinkered character." [50] William Holden was also credited for his acting for giving a solid characterization that was "easy, credible and always likeable in a role that is the pivot point of the story". 13. Tickets are 100 baht. Construction began before anyone had been cast. In 1957 the movie, The Bridge on the River Kwai, premiered in London and became the biggest grossing film of 1958, winning seven academy awards in the process, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Musical Score, Best Cinematography and Best Editing.Not bad for a movie that is largely a work of almost entirely fictional characters and a story which . 7. Lamb, as he was known, had been a politician before calling up, serving the state legislature in Victoria, Australia. No visit to the Western Front is complete without a trip to The CWGC Visitor Centre. The film was based on the 1952 novel Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle. After Guinness was done with the scene, Lean said, "Now you can all fuck off and go home, you English actors. They were soon sent to Thailand to begin labouring on the Death Railway. For all the death and misery caused by its building, the Burma-Siam Railway only ever carried two Japanese divisions and 500,000 tons of supplies before VJ Day brought the war in Asia to a close. Goering Boulle was given sole credit on the film and was awarded the Oscar for best screenplay. First Joyce and then Shears are killed in the ensuing gunfire. 26. Just two months later, Lieutenant Lamb was dead. Bridge Over The River Kwai Timing: 24-hrs. Spiegel, the producer, bought the film rights to the book (the English version of which was called The Bridge Over the River Kwai) and hired Carl Foreman to write the script. David Lean, a British director then in his late forties, had made 11 films, including well-received adaptations of Charles Dickens (Great Expectations, Oliver Twist) and Noel Coward (Blithe Spirit, Brief Encounter). The bridge depicted in the film is most definitely real. In fact, there were two: one a wooden railway bridge and the other a ferroconcrete structure built using imported bridge sections from Japanese-controlled Java. 23. See some of the commonly asked questions about the Special Committee. The bridge cost $250,000 to build. The Colonel Bogey March" was composed in 1914 by Kenneth Alford, a military band conductor. Construction of the Burma-Siam railway began in October 1942 and would end in October 1943. The official credit was given to Pierre Boulle (who did not speak English), and the resulting Oscar for Best Screenplay (Adaptation) was awarded to him. Then he hired Lean to directand Lean didn't like Foreman's version. Sri Lanka Filming Locations: The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957) Posted on July 17, 2017 by tokyofox. Bought 4 and 6 mm dowel wood for bridge piers. The movie is best known for the "Colonel Bogey March", the song that is whistled by the POWs. The film was based on the 1952 novel Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle. David Lean himself also claimed that producer Sam Spiegel cheated him out of his rightful part in the credits since he had had a major hand in the script. Under cover of darkness, Shears and Joyce plant explosives on the bridge towers. According to Columbia Pictures, they followed an all-new 4K digital restoration from the original negative with newly restored 5.1 audio. Saito leaves the officers standing all day in the intense heat. (Spiegel got a British military adviser to help with that side of things, too.). 16- "You make me sick with your heroics! Work on the bridge proceeds badly, due to both the faulty Japanese engineering plans and the prisoners' slow pace and deliberate sabotage. 6. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Instead of the five year predicted completion, the bridge on river Kwai, was completed in 16 months. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Disease was a huge killer among railway workers, but so was brutality. The separate dialogue, music and effects were located and remixed with newly recorded "atmospheric" sound effects. But in Bangkok I was told that David Lean, the film's director, became mad at the extras who played the prisonersusbecause they couldn't march in time. Instead, the Lt. Col would stand up for his men when necessary to try to alleviate some of their hardships. It is a landmark of Kanchanaburi Province. What's your favorite? Bridge Over The River Kwai Address: Tha Makham, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The rail link, however, would . When, the next morning, Saito orders all the British prisoners to begin building the bridge under the command of a Japanese engineer, Nicholson and the other officers refuse, even when Saito threatens to kill them. [54] Slant magazine gave the film four out of five stars. 4. [51] Time magazine praised Lean's directing, noting he demonstrates "a dazzlingly musical sense and control of the many and involving rhythms of a vast composition. Both writers had to work in secret, as they were on the Hollywood blacklist and had fled to the UK in order to continue working. After the war, their remains were moved from these makeshift cemeteries and graveyards to purpose-built Commission sites. - Colonel Saito, 'The Bridge on the River Kwai '. She spent most of the next 42 years working as a copy editor and editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. It also won the BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay. In many tense, dramatic scenes, only the sounds of nature are used. Writers: Pierre Boulle (novel), Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson (screenplay), Academy Award nominations (* denotes win), https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Bridge-on-the-River-Kwai-film-by-Lean, Filmsite - The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), BFI Screenonline - The Bridge on the River Kwai, Turner Classic Movies - The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) Addeddate 2021-08-19 15:12:20 Identifier the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai_202108 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.4. plus-circle Add Review. The conditions to which POW and civilian labourers were subjected were far worse than the film depicted. And a bloke called George Siegatz[29] an expert whistlerbegan to whistle Colonel Bogey, and a hit was born.". 6 Interesting And Awesome Facts About Dondokomon From Digimon, 20 Amazing And Fun Facts About San Bernardino, California, United States, 26 Fun And Fascinating Facts About The Gods Of Egypt Movie, 15 Interesting And Fun Facts About Napa, California, United States, 20 Interesting And Amazing Facts About National City, California, United States, 15 Interesting And Fascinating Facts About Needles, California, United States, 15 Interesting And Amazing Facts About Nevada City, California, United States, 15 Amazing And Interesting Facts About Newark, California, United States.
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