b. efferent neuron. a. d. reticular activating system. A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: D) They are short-lived. Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers. A) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. d. improve recovery from traumatic brain injury. C) association neuron c. Inhibited digestion to axon segment Axon segment (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? Discovering that someone has glial scars means suggests that: A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. 11. True or False, A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. d. support and brace neurons. a. Pupil dilation They are like neurons except that they lack axons. Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? See Page 1. a. epigenetics. In your opinion, is "A Christmas Memory" merely a vivid portrayal of a memory, or does it also convey a theme, or message? If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? The preclinical phase of AD, which can last 10 to 20 years, is characterized by the gradual accumulation of -amyloid and tau aggregates in the brain, together with neuroinflammation and synaptic alterations ().Several lines of evidence indicate that -amyloid deposition precedes . All of the following describe functions for cerebrospinal fluid except: c. neurons. Answer (1 of 3): So a neuron is a specialized cell in the brain with certain characteristics. C) neurolemma c. Motor neurons. 56. (a) microglia (b) oligodendrocytes (c) ependymal cells (d) astrocytes. Describe the types of neurons, their structure and their function. 1. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. B) microglia If an experimental drug produced physiological effects similar to nitric oxide, then a 27. The correct answer is (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. Which of the following conducts impulses to an effector? Neurons are found across the body but are most numerous in the brain. Which nervous system was the drug most This may account for the cycles of relapse and remission in different patients. d. The person would have dulled senses for some period of time after taking the substance. 63. d. neuromuscular junctions. conditions in Russian society that led to the Revolution of 1917. Which cranial nerve receives sensory information from the heart, liver, and intestines? Oligodendrocytes are a type of neuroglia. The p.N370S substitution causes a violation of the enzyme conformation, which affects its stability in the cell. B) norepinephrine a. cerebral aqueduct. D) control the chemical environment around neurons B) called neuroglial cells Transcription factors increase or decrease gene transcription. likely to occur? Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. b. thalamus. C) neurotransmitter 5. b. sulci. A) long distance signaling b. (b) Ordinary tungsten incandescent lightbulbs used in households are filled with argon gas at about 0.5 atm to retard the sublimation of the tungsten filament. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. b. Interneurons. A. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. B. axon. 70. d. Vagus nerve. c. cause imbalance. It also affects your cerebellum, the part of your brain that controls movement and balance. . c. hindbrain. 32. D. axon hillock. a. temporal lobe. Integrate. 42. What are the functional classifications of neurons? a. extrapyramidal motor system. taking the substance. A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands B) excitatory potential B) Ions always move passively across membranes. d. Interneurons, 16. What functional class of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS to muscles or glands? I was doing so well." High mitotic rate B. The parasympathetic division includes the pelvic nerves. d. spines along dendrites. 19. A) axon Which neurons reside only within the CNS? A) acetycholine 62. A) positively charged and contains less sodium 46. A) a change in sodium ion permeability Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? 1. D) moves membrane potential away from threshold. Damage to the hypothalamus may alter someone's motivation to eat. b. Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? the membrane potential has been reestablished. What are the cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system? c. somatic nervous system. Current flows continuously, Local current flows b. the person has a disease that affects myelin around axons. 53. 33. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. 61. GABA and glycine are amino acid neurotransmitters; dopamine and norepinephrine are catecholamines; and endorphin and enkephalin are peptide transmitters. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. C) frequency of action potentials There are three types of neurons. A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: What are the properties of myelinated axons which makes them ideal for long-distance motor control of skeletal muscle? That is, they have a single axon and many dendrites. 1. If a loud noise made you jump, which structure was most likely responsible for this A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. (b) They have extreme longevity. Correct option is C) Sensory neurons receive sensory inputs from the internal and external environment and transmit it to CNS (brain and spinal cord) for processing. Which of the following types of glial cells monitors the health of neurons, and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? However, the electrical impulses cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. Demyelination interferes with saltatory conduction, which would result in a slowing down of nerve impulse propagation. Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? When a gene is activated, a specific DNA segment is unraveled and transcribed onto: ependymal cells____ help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid: which of the following is an excitatory nerotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles? Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. a. corpus callosum. A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: a. Astrocytes C) negatively charged and contains more sodium. Which of the following is not true about the cerebral cortex? Functions. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. b. Transcribed image text: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? A) They conduct impulses. The significance of the myelin sheath surrounding axons of werve neurons is that ia is B. composed of synaptio vesieles, which corapletely botate the nouron due w ins whter dianecer. B) Specific potassium gates will open. What parts of a neuron are completely contained within a ganglion? Different types of neurons include sensory, motor, and interneurons, as well as structurally-based neurons, which include unipolar, multipolar, bipolar, and pseudo-unipolar neurons. d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. 26. c. nucleus accumbens. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. 25. 54. What are the small lower motor neurons that innervate intrafusal muscle fibers that are part of specialized stretch receptors called? During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. 12. b. increasing glial scarring. a. sensory neuron b. interneuron c. motor neuron d. gland e. muscle. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. c. The patient has a low level of transcription factors. The axon hillock is located: C) negatively charged and contains more sodium FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELL NEURONS<br><br>The nerve cell - neuron - is a structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. d. it fills spaces in the brain. 1. Describe the structure of neurons 2. Its structure is multipolar. Download Citation | Crosstalk between m6A mRNAs and m6A circRNAs and the time-specific biogenesis of m6A circRNAs after OGD/R in primary neurons | Cerebral ischaemiareperfusion injury is an . First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astroc, What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons? b) Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. C) receptor a. hippocampus A) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. c. in the synapse. Which of the following is correct? However, the electrical impulse cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. 2. 60. 69. researcher would: A) origin of the stimulus 1. B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. 44. b. cerebrospinal fluid. b. the medulla. Which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs? D) generator potential. D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. c. striations present are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin.